China ranked a distant second at $119 billion, followed by the United Kingdom at $60 billion and France at $49 billion (see Figure 16.3 International Military Spending, 2010). Military spending is good for workers, they add, because it creates jobs, and it also contributes to technological development (Boot, 2012; England, 2012; McKeon, 2012). citing the Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, [full citation needed] defines the science wars as the discussions about the "way the sciences are related to or incarnated in culture, history . A society can be a city,. Retrieved from http://business.time.com/2012/02/07/why-we-should-help-veterans-start-their-own-businesses/. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/obamas-damaging-blow-to-our-military/2012/01/12/gIQA3eMhuP_story.html. This figure ranked the highest in the world and constituted almost 35 percent of all world arms exports. Jobs, hobbies, friends, even parental obligations to young children fall by the wayside. Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Yet some inexorable force seems to impel both governments (and peoples) in that direction. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. This same yearly amount could have paid for one years worth (California cost figures) of all of the following (National Priorities Project, 2012): All these figures demonstrate that war and preparation for war indeed have a heavy human cost, not only in the numbers of dead and wounded, but also in the diversion of funds from important social functions and needs. Some 400,000 tons of napalm were used altogether. In support of this evolutionary argument, some scientists note that chimpanzees and other primates also engage in group aggression against others of their species (Wrangham, 2004). It . Other experts echo President Eisenhowers concern over the size of the military budget (Bacevich, 2011; Korb, Rothman, & Hoffman, 2012; Lochhead, 2012; Wheeler, 2009). Image courtesy of Sgt. Identify two social science issues related to education. Third, and helping to explain the success of this lobbying, military spending provides jobs and income to the home districts of members of Congress. Indeed, the Marcums situation is far from rare among the families of the 2 million veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Because it took place in Iraq, many more Iraqis than Americans died or were wounded, and the war certainly affected Iraqi societyits infrastructure, economy, natural resources, and so forthfar more than it affected American society. Experts disagree over this issue. By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media . Additionally, some people lose their homes due to the war leading to homelessness as a social problem in the community. Where your income tax money really goes. Ashton, A. The Times-Leader. This type of research accelerated, however, after several scandals involving sexual assault and harassment occurred during the 1990s on military bases and at military academies. Dao, J. Social science is the study of human society and its members' interactions with each other and their relationships to cultural institutions like education or religion. ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT: SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment. In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. Retrieved from http://www.history.navy.mil/wars/foabroad.htm. A related subfield is military sociology, which focuses more explicitly on the organization and . Expanded cultural knowledge, with broader. (2009). Planes sprayed and bombed these chemicals. Because napalm is very sticky, it is almost impossible to wipe off or remove with water once it does end up on skin. Identify two social science issues related to education. Since 1993, US armed forces have waged war in Iraq and in Afghanistan and also joined international military operations in such countries as Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Libya. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever) Voices of Freedom (Eric Foner) Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth) Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler) The first is the thirteenth century, when the Mongol Empire under the initial leadership of Genghis Khan became an empire in Asia and Eastern Europe through wars and conquest in which it killed 40 million people. This article covers the concept of social issues and highlights the different experiences of rural and urban sectors. War also has impact beyond the consequences for civilians and veterans. 19 Gathering the right information in small doses provides significantly more strategic awareness versus the reverse. Tirman describes one Korean incident in which machine gun fire from US warplanes killed about one hundred civilian refugees who were resting on a road. The Note 16.13 Children and Our Future box discusses this problem in greater detail. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Why we should help veterans start their own businesses. Solution Verified Answered 11 months ago Create an account to view solutions Recommended textbook solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition ISBN: 9780076631933 Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 713 solutions Sociology and You Social media and bullying. This is a social problem. The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. The deaths of others: The fate of civilians in Americas wars. It examines issues such as military recruiting, race and gender representation in the military, combat, military families, military social organization, war and peace, and the military as welfare. Veterans with PTSD often end up with problems in their marriages or other relationships and are more likely to commit violence against their spouses or partners. We need to confront them to ensure equal treatment for everyone. As discussed earlier, President Eisenhower eloquently warned about the influence of the US military and the size of the military budget. Arms trade: A major cause of suffering. Although the truce later dissolved and labor-management conflict resumed, labor eventually won some limited rights thanks partly to its support for the war. Slashing Americas defense: A suicidal trajectory. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families 1 ) . Harrison, T. (2012). In Social Problems, Social Issues, Social Science, James D. Wright presents his research on some of the social issues that have most vexed America: homelessness, addiction, divorce, minimum wage, and gun control, among others. (2012). Discretionary spending involves the money the president and Congress must decide how to spend each year and includes federal income tax dollars only. Second, many societies studied by anthropologists have been very peaceful, suggesting that a tendency to warfare is more cultural than biological. Families of deployed troops also face many difficulties. Combining data on both types of exports, the United States sent $12.2 billion in arms deliveries to other nations in 2010. CNN.com. Russia ranked second with $5.3 billion in arms deliveries, while Germany ranked third with $2.6 billion (Grimmett, 2011). Trade-offs. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Voices of Freedom (Eric Foner) Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.) Some 59% of Americans say science and religion are often in conflict, while 38% say the two are mostly compatible. This same sum could be used to pay the salaries of 10,000 new teachers earning $30,000 per year or to build twenty elementary schools at a cost of $15 million each. In contrast, the United States spends 5.1 percent of its economy on its base military budget, which does not include costs for veterans benefits, for the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and military spending that falls outside the Pentagons budget. Identify two social science issues related to education. The attention just given to civilians should in no way obscure or minimize the fact that veterans are also casualties of war. Critics of the military budget argue that it is more accurate to cite its share of discretionary spending rather than its share of all federal spending (i.e., mandatory plus discretionary). Partial justice: Women, prisons, and social control. A streamlined and more deliberate research program ensures better budgeting. The samples are almost entirely of women, given their higher risk of being sexually assaulted. Killer species. Instances of use of United States forces abroad, 17981993. Most Americans continued to live their normal lives, whereas most Iraqis had to struggle to survive the many ravages of war. The United States, of course, began with the colonial war against England. As a result, reported rapes and sexual assaults compose only a very small percentage of all military rapes and sexual assaults. The share saying that science and religion often conflict is up modestly from 55% in a 2009 Pew Research survey, while the share saying the two are mostly compatible has stayed the same at 38%. War is not . For example, the deaths of so many soldiers during the American Civil War left many wives and mothers without their familys major breadwinner. Dont blame the caveman. 14 Week 1 Question 6 Identify two social science issues related to war; 15 16.4 Issues and Problems in Education - Sociology; 16 Social Problems Affecting Students & Schools - Synonym; 1 SCIENCE RELATED SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE ELEMENTARY - jstor. All these killings were outright slaughter. To do so, it routinely deployed chemical weapons such as Agent Orange (dioxin, a known carcinogen), napalm, and white phosphorous. . When napalm ends up on human skin, it causes incredibly severe pain and burns down to the bone, with death often resulting. The psychological effect of war on veterans and their families We have textbook solutions for you! Theyre in good shape for the shape theyre in, Sources: Ledbetter, 2011; Vietnam Veterans Against the War, 1971. Washington rules: Americas path to permanent war. This latter fact needs some explanation. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://costofwar.com/en/tradeoffs/state/CA/program/11/tradeoff/0. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. Obamas damaging blow to our military. Analysis of the FY2012 defense budget. Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars listed the hundreds of thousands of troop deaths in American wars. One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. New York Times. Racial and religious discrimination are the two significant social issues in America, Africa, and the world. After they did so, US ground troops shot them and left a pile of dead bodies that included twenty-one children. 1.2 Sociological Perspectives on Social Problems, 1.3 Continuity and Change in Social Problems, 2.1 The Measurement and Extent of Poverty, 2.2 Who the Poor Are: Social Patterns of Poverty, 3.1 Racial and Ethnic Inequality: A Historical Prelude, 3.5 Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.6 Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 3.7 Reducing Racial and Ethnic Inequality, 4.4 Violence against Women: Rape and Sexual Assault, 5.2 Public Attitudes about Sexual Orientation, 5.3 Inequality Based on Sexual Orientation, 5.4 Improving the Lives of the LGBT Community, 6.3 Life Expectancy and the Graying of Society, 6.4 Biological and Psychological Aspects of Aging, 6.6 Reducing Ageism and Helping Older Americans, 7.5 Drug Policy and the War on Illegal Drugs, 7.6 Addressing the Drug Problem and Reducing Drug Use, 10.2 Sociological Perspectives on the Family, 10.3 Changes and Problems in American Families, 11.1 An Overview of Education in the United States, 11.2 Sociological Perspectives on Education, 11.3 Issues and Problems in Elementary and Secondary Education, 11.4 Issues and Problems in Higher Education, 12.2 Sociological Perspectives on Work and the Economy, 13.1 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Health Care, 13.2 Global Aspects of Health and Health Care, 13.3 Problems of Health in the United States, 13.4 Problems of Health Care in the United States, 14.2 Sociological Perspectives on Urbanization, 15.1 Sociological Perspectives on Population and the Environment, 15.4 Addressing Population Problems and Improving the Environment, 16.1 Sociological Perspectives on War and Terrorism, 16.4 Preventing War and Stopping Terrorism. The Navy plans to purchase twelve of these submarines. The consequences of divorce on children. One social science issue related to war is the effects of war on the mental health of the service members . In M. D. Cavelty & V. Mauer (Eds. Retrieved from http://fcnl.org/assets/flyer/taxchart11.pdf. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. War is sustained armed conflict that causes large-scale loss of life or extreme material destruction (Worrell, 2011, p. 1). and environmental protection. As the text discusses, most military women who are raped or sexually assaulted do not report these crimes to military authorities. While industries everywhere are stimulated by their surrounding events and propelled to reexamine their professional practices to improve their greater communities, the social and behavioral sciences have interacted with societal issues and plights in their bodies . Turchik, J. napalm sticks to kids. Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched further. As this brief discussion suggests, US veterans have many unmet needs. Baker, L. (2012, February 18). US veterans: By the numbers. Identify two social science issues related to education. A quick calculation shows that about 11 percent of the worlds population died from the Mongolian wars, while 2 percent died from World War II. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. As a historian summarized this connection, By the end of the war, labors wartime mobilization and participation had increased its relative power within European societies. Based on statistics released by the government through its #RealNumbersPH, "drug war" killings increased by over 50 percent during the lockdown months from April to July. From its emergence as a distinct discipline, anthropology has been oriented toward ethics and social policy. Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. When sexual assaults and sexual harassment are added to the crimes mentioned to respondents, between 22 percent and 84 percent of women report being raped, sexually assaulted, and/or sexually harassed while serving. Social science encompasses research on everything related to human society: family life and marriage; education in all its forms; crime both at an individual level and within . New research looked at 133 countries. Victims of military rape deserve justice. (2012, January 2). Wars occur both between nations and within nations, when two or more factions engage in armed conflict. Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. 119 words. Around the globe, US military bases generate resentment, not security. These more basic causes of war include population change and environmental change. What do you think is the worst problem that veterans have faced in returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.fas.org/programs/ssp/nukes/nuclearweapons/nukestatus.html. Social Sciences Brown sociologist weighs in on tensions at the Russia-Ukraine border Professor of Sociology Michael D. Kennedy provided historical background on Russia's relationship with Ukraine and explained how the current crisis could unleash major conflicts across the globe. There are also many innocent victims in wartime, but when children are victims, our hearts especially go out to them. Bess, M. (2008). Even if they are less frequent and less deadly than in the past, that is of little comfort to the tens of millions of people around the world during the past century who died or otherwise suffered in war and other armed conflict and who live in fear today of becoming a victim of armed conflict. The war within: Americas battle over Vietnam. Further, it studies six important social issues namely poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, the caste system, gendered violence and communalism by analyzing their causes and the specific measures adopted to combat them. Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). Advocates for veterans with severe physical or cognitive problems also urge the government to greatly expand its very small program of monthly cash payments to these veterans families to help replace their lost incomes (Einhorn, 2011). Social studies represent integrated and systematic study of several areas of social science/ humanities, among which economics, civics, history, geography, culture, sociology, political science, archaeology, law, philosophy, religion, etc. Edward B. Tylor concluded his survey of human culture with the remark that "the science of culture is essentially a reformer's science" (1958[1871]:539).A. The authors, by reviewing the recent work of several behavioral and social science disciplines concerned with the impact of war upon society, suggest that the study of war's social ramifications has been characterized by the publication of empirical work that neglects, to some extent, the larger sociological implications of war as well as its As these numbers make clear, military personnel who commit rape and sexual assault almost always avoid any punishment. Voice of America News. In addition to psychological and physiological trauma, rape and sexual assault impose huge economic costs on the military because of medical expenses for helping survivors and for prosecuting their rapists. Among those severely. Rafter, N. H. (1990). Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. Identify two social science issues related to war. As historians and political scientists have often described, wars have a significant economic and political impact. First, the human brain is far more advanced than the brains of other primates, and genetic instincts that might drive these primates behavior do not necessarily drive human behavior. A poem about napalm, reportedly written by members of the US First Air Cavalry, surfaced during the war. For instance, let's say there is a problem with teenagers not getting enough sleep. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://www.vvaw.org/veteran/article/?id=823. When these problems occur, they may ironically worsen the psychological state of these veterans. But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. War Resisters League. The European nations decisions to limit their military spending allows more spending for social needs. Critics also argue that military spending actually produces fewer jobs than spending in other sectors (Ledbetter, 2011). Zornick, G. (2012, January 6). Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2011). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber) Rich Dad, Poor Dad (Robert T. Kiyosaki) Interpersonal Communication (Kory Floyd) Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham) Give Me Liberty! The secret way to war: The Downing Street memo and the Iraq Wars buried history. There is the natural fear that loved ones will never return from their overseas involvement in armed conflict. It is a tremendously important branch of research that examines what it means to be a social being, how individuals function together as organized groups and societies, and how they interact with each other on issues of common interest. In 2010, the US official military budget (defense outlays only) was $698 billion. The Washington Post. New York Times, June 23, p. A19. Only about one-seventh of these victims reported their rapes and sexual assaults. War and sacrifice in the post-9/11 era. Halperin, S. (2004). Other types of less obvious social changes have also resulted from various wars. However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). That is the good news and the cause for hope. The post Identify two social science issues related to war. (2011, June 17). This includes social, environmental, economic and ethical issues created by the high rate of change to technology, societies, ecosystems, cultures, lifestyles and thinking that have characterized this period of world history. Another dimension of militarism involves arms exports by both the US government and US military contractors. If we say the history of the United States has been written in war, that is not too much of an exaggeration. War and social change in modern Europe: The great transformation revisited. Question Description. Identify two social science issues related to war. Describe some of the factors that have influenced this social institution in India. For every 100,000 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who receive health care from the Veterans Administration, 38 have killed themselves. Most ''observable effects of war on the family are the withdrawal of young men from civilian and their entrance into military life, with a consequent increase in socially disapproved forms of behavior; the entrance of women into industry to replace the men drawn into the armed . The Vietnam War marked a time when many Americans became concerned about childrens suffering during wartime. Sources: Fischer, H. (2005). Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. However it is calculated, the US military budget is by far the highest in the world and in fact accounts for 43 percent of the worlds military spending. As one scholar said of the military bases, It makes as much sense for the Pentagon to hold onto 227 military bases in Germany as it would for the post office to maintain a fleet of horses and buggies (vanden Heuvel, 2011). America.gov. Retrieved from https://www.warresisters.org/sites/default/files/FY2012piechart-color.pdf. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. The more they spend on their military (guns), the less they can spend on food for their poor and other domestic needs (butter). The Nation. The shadow world: Inside the global arms trade. Critics of the military budget say that the billions of dollars spent on weapons and other military needs would be better spent on domestic needs such as schools and day care. Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. (2011). Nations also go to war for ideological reasons: they have certain belief systems that lead them to hold prejudice and other hostile feelings toward nations with different belief systems. The Korean and Vietnam veterans memorials in the nations capital and so many other memorials across the nation remind us of the hundreds of thousands of brave men and women who have died serving their country. Source: First F-35C Flight, Wikipedia, Last modified on November 20, 2011, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_F-35C_Flight.ogv. In these surveys, between 10 percent and 33 percent of women report being raped (including attempts) while they were serving in the military. Bacevich, A. These experts say the military budget is bloated for at least four reasons. They suffer terrible physical and mental wounds that can maim them for life (Dao, 2012). Noting that the military budget today exceeds the average budget during the Cold War, they think military spending is far higher than it needs to be to ensure the nations defense with the Soviet Union no longer a threat. Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Audit of Pentagon spending finds $70 billion in waste. Slate. Traditional explorations of war look through the lens of history and military science, focusing on big events, big battles, and big generals. Chapter 15 Population and the Environment also discussed environmental change as a source of armed conflict, including war (Fisman & Miguel, 2010).
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