in high school, I've been fascinated by the idea that Antimatter is pretty explosive. The word "antimatter" is not even mentioned anywhere in your question. Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. What could humans do to render the earth uninhabitable? The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a, The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a cross-sectional surface area of, 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Haapai volcanic eruption, total energy produced worldwide by all nuclear testing and combat, "Tons (Explosives) to Gigajoules Conversion Calculator", "Joules to Megatons Conversion Calculator", Blast effects of external explosions (Section 4.8. The first is that the technology developed in CERN's Antimatter Factory has been appliedin medical imaging tools calledPET scanners. Why do you say "pure gamma"? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. "Bananas are a perfect unit for antimatter production. Interaction with the blast wave can cause severe injuries (see injury severity score calculator) depending on the stand-off distance. And for my Trekkie friends out there, that also means fusion-poweredwarp driveslike those on Star Trek ships are unlikely to be a thing any time soon. Energy = How much energy would be released in a collision of planets of matter & antimatter? Which means we shouldnt exist, physicists are still unsure as to why were around. So ever since I read a book (Angels and Demons by Dan Brown?) A 10kg antimatter bomb would cause a gigantic 230 megaton explosion. Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. In other words, beyond this distance, one can assume there would be fewer or no fragments flying. Another way of weaponising antimatter is to use it to power spaceships which could potentially be used for warfare. i got the conversion completely wrong because i got the energy output in joules, thought i was in megatons of TNT, then converted back to joules which is why i was so far off, Putting grams of antimatter in the atmosphere, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/69440/, physics.stackexchange.com/questions/74019/, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. A city entirely? Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? by Weaselmancer ( 533834 ) on Monday October 04, 2004 @04:06PM ( #10432675 ) The San Francisco Chronicle is reporting that the Air Force is actively pursuing antimatter weapons. The energy output that would be released by a typical, The approximate radiated surface energy released in a magnitude 8, The complete conversion of 1kg of matter into pure energy would yield. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? On the subatomic level, this energy is manageable, but if one were to combine a gram of antimatter with a gram of matter, the result is an energy release comparable to the atomic explosion at . This enables engineers to determine the proper masses of different explosives when applying blasting formulas developed specifically for TNT. any large scale destruction of a city, with non antimatter device, on earth of a nuclear ready country would trigger mutually assured destruction, in what is estimated to be a thousand times over. To study antimatter, you must prevent it from being annihilated . Antimatter would do the same. If you wanted to blow up the planet you could do so by exploding an antimatter bomb near the Earths core. Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.18410 12 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945). The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate . "We want to study it to see why it's not here anymore and why the Universe isn't just empty.". This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy. Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Such weapons would easy eclipse nuclear weapons in power, e.g., 1 gram of antimatter would equal 23 space shuttle fuel tanks of energy. If the null hypothesis is never really true, is there a point to using a statistical test without a priori power analysis? Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. "In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. thanks for the detailed answer! That's5 thousand trillion euros. If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. Photons are bundles of electromagnetic energy. This makes it incredibly hard to store antimatter. The fictional bomb works by touching 1 gram of matter to 1 gram of antimatter a substance made of sub-atomic particles with properties opposite those of normal matter particles causing. If you really need to do this on the cheap, a 400 km asteroid is really quite a bit of overkill and a 100 km asteroid is probably enough to kill all animal life big enough to be interesting to most people although it may not completely sterilize the earth, and your only need 1 metric ton to target earth. But in Star Trek Generations, the Enterprise D is destroyed (or at least the Star Drive Section) in a massive explosion when they lose antimatter containment, and it has 3,000 m of antimatter storage. Still a big bang. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the. A much smaller amount embedded near the heart could of course kill you but the grenade-sized amount insures fairly well you won't survive--particularly if it is applied all at once directly to the body. Those made at CERN amount to about 1 nanogram. What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? It doesn't sound like it should be real, but "it does exist", says Professor Doser,a physicist who studies the properties of antimatterat CERN,the European Council for Nuclear Research. What does 'They're at four. "We actually expect that the whole Universe since there was lots of energy around at the moment of the Big Bang should consist of equal amounts of matter and antimatter," Professor Doser says. Professor Doser and his colleagues need anti-protons. Also, once in atmosphere, any attempt to shoot down will only damage the containment system and detonate the antimatter. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! All of the other answers here are super overkill for this. This is becoming more and more obvious as time goes by. and our As radioisotopes in bananasdecay, they release pairs of electrons and anti-electrons. Would one atom of antimatter be lethal if annihilated inside the brain? For an explosion of TNT equivalent mass, WWW and scaled distance, ZZZ. Today, it takes nearly a year for an unmanned spacecraft to reach Mars. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? We have to double the figure because that's the antimatter mass, and we're converting that mass of antimatter plus an equal mass of matter into energy. [4] As such, Hui Chen of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dismissed concerns about antimatter bombs in 2008 as "unrealistic". It only takes a minute to sign up. "If we don't find a difference between matter and antimatter, then that's going to be the only remaining explanation," Professor Doser says. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Making 1 gram of antimatter would require approximately 25 million billion (10 15) kilowatt-hours of energy and cost over a million billion US dollars. Cookie Notice When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. >$10^{15}kg$, it's not exactly rocket science. Current technology only allows us to store small amounts of antimatter in each Penning trap. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? This bomb was only 50 megatons. But even this is insanely expensive for only one bullet. And that means no particles would remain to eventually become people, stars, and galaxies. Sufficiently big detonations can presumably force a bit of fusion, but it is unlikely to be self-sustaining on its own without confinement. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? But I mean, I'm leaning towards Star Trek being somewhat more accurate, they gloss over how Warp Drive works in the Original Series, but by the time The Next Generation came about in 1987 they explained how Warp Drive works, and then we had a working theory on the Alcubierre Drive by 1994. However, the mean free path is so short at ambient pressure that they will react before going far (doing it in the upper atmosphere might produce a much larger and fuzzier fireball). Would it be imperceptible? Collisions between these photons would have resulted in the production of particlesparticles which would eventually become stars, galaxies, and people. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. The gammas then scatter of air molecules, transferring the energy into heat. The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. 1 gram of TNT = 700 calories = 700*4.1868 joules. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. Would it be similarly anti-climactic? It's one antiparticle per hour, approximately," Professor Doser says. If the Big Bang led to equal parts matter and antimatter forming, these probably would have then bumped into each other, obliterated one another, and then presumably exploded again. Source: Ian Goddard and Cockell, Charles S. Impossible Extinction. This blast radius calculator helps you determine the distance for detonations, after which there would be no fragments. [7][8], An antimatter weapon is a part of the plot of the Dan Brown book Angels & Demons and its film adaptation, where it is used in a plot to blow up the Vatican City.[9][5]. But this result isnt bizarre at allits simply a confirmation of earlier, but less precise, measurements of the antiprotons magnetic moment. The blast radius becomes a critical parameter in such scenarios. You'd think a Galaxy Class Starship would take a chunk out of a nearby planet by comparison. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? So each 2 kg antimatter bomb (as it annihilates with 1kg ordinary matter) would have a blast similar to the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated in the puny humans' history. Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. A more realistic method might be to create a nuclear winter, by blowing dust up into the sky. The total power of aluminized mixtures strictly depends on the condition of explosions. Today, the cost of producing 1 gram of antimatter is $25 billion, and the rate of production is only at 10 nanograms (maximum) per year. Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? The scaling law is a convenient way to estimate the properties of a large explosion using the data from smaller explosions. At least when you think in other literature, something that could fit in your hand could destroy literally an entire country. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. Well, in theory if you mix one gram of matter with one gram of antimatter you should get 1.810 14 joules of energy or about 43 kilotons. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. You have antimatter containment capsule that only has to hold out for seconds at most when fired. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The damage done to the biosphere here is more due to pressure and heat than radioactivity. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. @Serban Tanasa: No, it's clearly not the same question. Why is matter-antimatter asymmetry surprising, if asymmetry can be generated by a random walk in which particles go into black holes? [4], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. $> 10^{32}J$. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Number 3 just a really big bang deep down. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. However as science progresses it may be affordable to make an antimatter bomb with significantly more power than a nuclear bomb. $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink. You bet. The latter's decay chains include neutrinos, which of course, carry energy away harmlessly. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? "The best explanation that we have found up to now is to say that there's a slight difference in the properties of particles and antiparticles,"Professor Doser says. The table below should be taken as an example and not as a precise source of data. How much antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans, eradicate all animals and blow up the Earth? An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. Such a wave can be catastrophic depending upon its intensity. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. The sub-atomic particles of matter have the opposite properties of antimatter. I think this is a very conservative answer in that it is very certain to get the job done. MathJax reference. Antihydrogen cannot be trapped using magnets as it doesnt have an electric charge. For that you can recreate the meteor that made the dinosaurs extinct (100 trillion tons of TNT) with about two tons of antimatter in one spot. Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. Professor Doser actually thinks matter might be the evil half of this equation, with antimatter being the "good guy". They did it by creating a magnetic bottle called a Minimum Magnetic Field Trap. This international scientific institution in Switzerland is home to the Large Hadron Collider, and it regularly exposes the hidden particles that make up our universe. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. Now we need to know how this works in tons. A positron powered spaceship would be simpler, and less dangerous than say a nuclear powered spaceship which comes with a lot more complications. It only takes a minute to sign up. You can maybe kill everyone with less antimatter if you settled for giving everyone cancer instead. Scale that over the entire planet and you get 2.9 kg of antielectrons. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate an antiquark, producing a gluon that then gets involved in messy hadronization leaving a bunch of mesons (pions and kaons) that then careen away and decay into muons, electrons/positrons, gammas, and neutrinos. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. These complications have been sidestepped by convention. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter.
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